[This sermon was shared during worship with the people of Saint Matthew Lutheran Church in Logan, Ohio, this morning.]
1 Kings 19:9-18
I have a friend we'll call Joe. His dad was a pastor. A kindly man, Joe’s dad ended up serving a congregation filled with people who thought that they, not God, should be in charge of Christ’s Church. To claim their ownership, they often went after Joe’s dad. Joe and his dad had the custom of talking on the phone every Saturday morning. “Do you suppose I’m being too sensitive?” Joe’s dad asked after having detailed the latest assault he’d endured. Joe, who had been in the congregation a time or two and knew the players said, “No, Dad, I don’t think you’re being too sensitive. Remember that just because you’re paranoid, it doesn’t mean that they’re not after you.”
I think of Joe’s dad every time I consider the passage from 1 Kings that makes up our first lesson for this morning.
Elijah was the greatest of all the Old Testament prophets. But when we meet up with Elijah in our first lesson for today, he is terrified and running for his life, concerned that he might be killed at any time. Elijah’s feelings are understandable. He may be paranoid. But there really are people coming after him.
A little background is in order. When we encounter Elijah today, he’s just coming from a gold-medal caliber encounter with the prophets of the false godlets called Baal.
Baal worship had been brought to Israel by Jezebel, the wife of King Ahab. The marriage of Ahab and Jezebel was one of those alliance-forging unions royal families often undertook. It made Israel more powerful and wealthy than it had been in one-hundred years.
But it also made the people of Israel spiritually complacent. When life is tough, you turn to God. But when you’re on easy street, you start to erect little gods you can control and have do your bidding.
Israel was so well off during Ahab’s reign, that the people abandoned God and became enrapt with the fad of Baal worship. Now, the people of Israel, as God reminds Elijah in our lesson, didn’t completely abandon God. But it seems that most tried, as Elijah put it, to limp along with two ways of religious life—one faithful to the God Who had delivered their ancestors from slavery in Egypt, taken them as His people, loved and forgiven them, the other bent on following the pliant gods of convenience favored by the beautiful people.
But that won’t work, Elijah told them. “I the Lord am a jealous God…You shall have no other gods,” God had told His people in His first covenant with them. God hadn’t revoked that covenant. (God still hasn’t revoked it.) In spite of that, Jezebel hired Baal priests, built Baal altars on the highest hills, and even erected a Baal temple. All of this was polluting Israel’s life, the people walking more and more away from God.
God had enough! He told Elijah to invite 450 Baal prophets to Mount Carmel where it could be demonstrated who the real God was. The God of Israel--the God you and I know through Jesus Christ--won. The prophets of Baal were executed. It was a moment of triumph for Elijah.
But Jezebel sent a message to him. "You'll be as dead as the prophets of Baal soon," she warned. Elijah was afraid.
So, Elijah ran! He only stopped long enough to ask God to take his life. “I’m a goner, God,” he said in so many words, “Just take me now.” But God gave Elijah a good meal and told Elijah to be on his way. "You've got a trip ahead of you and you'll need your strength." After Elijah ate, he took a forty-day hike that ended in a cave cleft in Mount Horeb, one of the places where, five-hundred years before, God met Moses.
Now, there are three things I want to point out about the encounter that Elijah had with God in that cave, all of which I hope will help you when, like Elijah you feel life is closing in on you. Your enemy doesn’t have to be a ruler who wants you dead. It may be disease, the loss of a loved one or a job, the encroachment of age, the ordinariness of life, or a fear. Whatever your cave may be, pay heed to Elijah’s experience at Mount Horeb.
Lesson #1: God can meet you in your cave. True story. Dena, a friend of Ann’s and mine, was abandoned by her husband. When that happened, many of her so-called friends abandoned her too. It wasn’t that they agreed with what Dena’s husband did. It was that her sadness was an impediment to their good times.
But, Lisa, another of Dena’s friends, was there for Dena. Dena’s motives were simple. She wanted to extend the love and strength of God that she knew belonged to her as a follower of Christ. Lisa knew that through her, God could meet Dena in her cave.
It’s no accident that in the months after Lisa spent time with her, Dena began going to church. Today, happily remarried for nearly twenty years, Dena is deeply involved in her church, where, among other things, she writes original Sunday School curriculum and participates in mission trips to Latin America. It was true for Elijah. It was true for Dena. God can meet you in your cave, too.
Lesson #2: God wants you to be clear about your purpose. When his wife died at far too young an age, Roger, a man I met years ago, wasn’t sure what to do. Every time you turned around, it seemed, Roger was weekending at some remote place, attending a conference with some new guru, or quickly throwing himself into a new hobby which he dropped just as quickly. Without his wife, Roger felt that his life had no purpose.
For a time Elijah had been clear about his purpose. At least it had been clear to him. He was to promote a contest with the prophets of Baal at Mount Carmel. After God had used him to prove the falsehood of the Baal religion, he would run the Baal worshipers out of the country and God would once more be universally worshiped. The contest went fine. But, contrary to his expectations, Elijah’s efforts weren’t met with unvarnished success. Instead, the queen put a contract out on his life! So, Elijah ran and ran until he came to that cave.
There, God asked Elijah a single question two times: “What are you doing here, Elijah?” God was asking Elijah, “What is your purpose?”
You can almost hear the whine in Elijah’s voice as he totally misses God’s implicit question and responds both times by saying, “I’ve been faithful in following You, God. I’m the only one. And what do I get for being such a great guy? People want to kill me.” You see, Elijah thought his purpose had been taken away from him.
But after each of Elijah’s lame answers, God shows him what Elijah’s real purpose is. It’s our purpose too, whether life is going well or not.
Purpose 1: To experience God’s presence in our lives. That may sometimes occur in stunning ways or it may happen as it did for Elijah in the cave, “in sheer silence.” (More on that in a second.)
Purpose 2: To fulfill the simple duties God gives us to do. In the cave, God gave Elijah three simple tasks. Most of what God calls us to do involves simple tasks. God will entrust few of us with missions like curing cancer, writing the Constitution, or preaching the Gospel in faraway places. (And it should be pointed out, even the people entrusted with such mega-tasks will also be called to daily faithfulness.) Fulfilling God’s purpose for our lives involves doing our duties as children, spouses, parents, friends, employees, and employers. That means loving God and loving neighbor in all of our relationships.
Lesson #3: God wants to find you. God wants to come to you and be with you, wherever you are in your life.
The other night, our family was recalling a memorable Christmas Eve. Phil, now twenty-six, was three years old. My mother-in-law gave a toy fire helmet to him. It had a loud siren and a flashing red light.
Phil strapped it on and went charging around our house before the start of the first Christmas Eve service we would experience at our first parish.
The problem is that the helmet made him top-heavy and not long after getting it, he went sprawling into a coffee table. His forehead hit a corner, leaving a gash that needed stitching. At the hospital ER, the doctors and nurses tried to help Phil. But he was hurt and didn’t want anybody messing with him. When they put him into a Velcro strait-jacket, he got so angry that he pushed his way out of it. (“That’s the first time that’s happened,” a nurse observed.)
How many times are we like that with God? God wants to help us. God wants to assure us that we are loved and cared for. But we’re too busy being busy, or rebellious, or trying to solve our own problems to let God give us that assurance.
In Psalm 46:10, God says, “Be still, and know that I am God.” Similarly, in that cave at Mount Horeb, God told Elijah to go out onto the mountain so that he could experience God coming to him. There came a fierce wind, but Elijah didn’t sense God there. Then there was an earthquake and then fire. But Elijah didn’t sense God in them either. Then, there was sheer silence. In the silence, in the stillness, Elijah sensed God’s presence.
The same can be true for us. We may experience God in thundering ways or quiet, but however we experience God, we must be still long enough to let God come to us.
In the early years of my life, I went to a church where people thought nothing was happening if someone wasn’t talking or singing or making noise. And there’s a time for all of those things. "Make a joyful noise to the Lord!" the Bible tells us.
But this notion of constant noise-making influenced how I prayed even years later. I thought that if I wasn’t yammering, I wasn’t praying.
Then, I ran into the Biblical notion that prayer is just as much about letting God speak to us as it is about our speaking to God. It's why Jesus often would go to private places to be with the Father.
So, I decided to start my prayer times by reading the Bible, God’s Word to us, and allowing for times of silence. At first, it seemed strange to me. I’ll never forget that I’d been praying in this way for several months when, one day, God’s presence became almost palpable to me. As I allowed God's Word to soak into my mind, I sensed that God really was there, saying, “I will never leave you or forsake you.”
I haven’t had that experience often; God is the one who decides when and where He will do such things. But, as was true for Elijah, you can bet that God’s timing will be perfect. God wants to find you.
If you came here this morning hounded by fear or sadness or the reality of your own sins, I invite you to use this sanctuary right now as your cave, a place of refuge where God can meet you, as He met Elijah. The God Who fully disclosed Himself to you and me in Jesus Christ wants Elijah’s lessons and experiences to be ours as well. God can meet you in your cave. God can give you purpose. And whenever you feel lost, God can find you. Let God do these things for you this morning.
Showing posts with label 1 Kings 19:9-18. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 1 Kings 19:9-18. Show all posts
Sunday, August 10, 2008
Wednesday, August 06, 2008
Where Did God Go? (Getting Ready for Worship, August 10, 2008)
[Most weeks, I try to publish at least one post dealing with the appointed Bible lessons for the upcoming Sunday. My hope is that I can at least help the people of the parish I serve as pastor, Saint Matthew Lutheran Church in Logan, Ohio, to prepare for worship. Others may find these explorations helpful because we use the same Bible lessons used by most other North American Christians each Sunday.]
This Week's Bible Lessons:
1 Kings 19:9-18
Psalm 85:8-13
Romans 10:5-15
Matthew 14:22-33
The Prayer of the Day:
O God our defender, storms rage around and within us and cause us to be afraid. Rescue your people from despair, deliver your sons and daughters from fear, and preserve us in the faith of your Son, Jesus Christ, our Savior and Lord. Amen
A Few Thoughts:
1. All of the lessons for this week talk about the importance of listening to God amid the din of competing voices. Those competitors may include an idol-worshiping and bloodthirsty queen, as in the text from 1 Kings; performance-based religiosity as discussed by Paul in the Romans text; or fears the laws of nature will trump God's power as in the lesson from Matthew. Listening to God brings life, peace, and hope. Failing to do so leads to death, chaos, and fear.
2. It's easy to identify with Elijah, whose story is told in the lesson from 1 Kings, and Peter, whose faltering faith is recounted in the Matthew lesson.
Each have legitimate reasons for their fear. Elijah has been threatened with death by Jezebel, the foreign wife of Israel's king, Ahab. She was a promoter of the false god, Baal, encouraging idol-worship and the adulteration of Israel's dependence on Yahweh, the only God of the universe. She wanted Elijah dead and had sent messengers to him to say so.
When Peter sees Jesus walking on the stormy Sea of Galilee, he asks Jesus to help him do the same. Jesus calls him to climb out of the boat; Peter does so. He begins to walk on the water toward Jesus. But then it dawns on Peter: He can't walk on water.
Facts, as John Adams once said, are stubborn things. Both Elijah and Peter are confronting stubborn facts: a murderous royal and the basics of physics. The challenge for both of them is to trust a deeper truth: The sovereignty of God and God's willingness to help believers to do what they cannot do. (Of course, Peter walking on the water could be dismissed as a mere parlor trick if it weren't for the fact that Jesus' dominion over a chaotic sea, evocative of Genesis 1, points to the fact that He is the same God as the One Who first created the universe.)
Elijah's and Peter's fears may be as understandable as the fears with which you and I wrestle. But I anyway, can identify with them at another level. It's this: Their fears prove to be as ill-founded as all the things that make me afraid.
We tend to laugh at both of these guys for their frequent flights of sanctimony interspersed with turn-tail-and-run fearfulness. We wonder why, given their experiences with God, they find it so hard to trust.
But I have every reason to ask the same thing about myself. Given all that God has done and is doing for me, why do I worry about what's going to happen tomorrow? Why do I concern myself with what others may say about or do to me?
Given all the forgiveness with which God has covered my sins, why do I sometimes worry that God will throw me away?
The answer, of course, is that I allow the din of my sin and the danger and fiat lurking in a world held captive by sin to drown out "the sheer silence" of God. The words of the psalmist were written for all the Elijahs and Peters of the world, including me: "Be still, and know that I am God."
Verse-by-Verse Comments: 1 Kings 19:9-18:
I'm fairly certain that I'll be preaching on the Old Testament lesson this week. Before giving verse-by-verse comments, a little background.
1. 1 and 2 Kings: These two books of the Old Testament tell the story of what happened over a 400-plus year period when ancient Israel and its divided successor nations, Judah (or Judea), with its religious and civil life centered in Jerusalem, and Israel, centered in Samaria, had their own kings.
The story of Israel's kings begins in the book of 1 Samuel in which God reluctantly agrees to allow Israel to have their own kings, like the other nations of the world. Up to that point, the life of Israel was under the direct dominion of God. Occasionally, God would send judges, who would adjudicate disputes and lead the nation in battle.
But, wanting to be more like the nations that surrounded them, Israel insisted that God give them a king. The first king, anointed by Samuel, was Saul. Saul started out well, but his reign ended disastrously, destroyed by Saul's hubris and his forgetfulness of God. Saul also anointed David. David was Israel's greatest king and "a man after God's heart." But he was also a murderer and adulterer, who's God-given success led first to complacency and then to sin. Two other kings stand out in this whole five-century story. As Eugene Peterson notes, "Human beings, no matter how well intentioned or gifted, don't seem to be able to represent God's rule anywhere close to satisfactory."
Most of the kings described in 1 and 2 Kings are, after a few descriptive paragraphs, dismissed as people who walked away from God. One theme to be derived from the two books is unless God rules over our lives, they cannot be all they're intended to be, even if the world considers us successful.
2. Elijah: Elijah is considered Israel's greatest prophet. He raised the dead, among other things. He lived in the 9th-century BC and was active during the reign of Ahab in Israel, the Northern Kingdom.
Ahab married Jezebel of Tyre, in a marriage probably motivated by the desire to forge an alliance and secure wealth. Ahab's reign was marked by material prosperity and power akin to Solomon's from a century before.
It may be because things were "going good" that Israel not only countenanced, but went along with, Jezebel's importation of Baal-worship. This represented a perversion of Israel's covenant with Yahweh, who centuries before had revealed Himself to not only be Israel's God, but the God of all creation.
Some in his country engaged in "syncretism," the synthesizing of religious practices surrounding Yahweh and of those surrounding Baal.
This is exactly the kind of thing to which people enjoying material well-being are tempted. When things are "going good," it's easy to delude oneself with the notion that one's spiritual life is akin to material aspects of one's life. "If I can choose between Coke and Pepsi, paper and plastic, I can choose God or Baal. I can even mix them up in way that makes sense to me." By thinking in this way, Israel was ignoring God's covenant with them and His first commandment:
2
Finally, Elijah challenged the prophets of Baal to a contest on Mount Carmel. Actually, it was a contest between Yahweh and Baal. You can read about it in 1 Kings 18:17-46.
It was a triumph for Yahweh and for the faith of Elijah. But Jezebel was displeased. 1 Kings 19:2 says:
Under God's direction, Elijah gets something to eat and travels for forty days. This is where our lesson begins.
9At that place he came to a cave, and spent the night there. Then the word of the Lord came to him, saying, “What are you doing here, Elijah?”
(1) Elijah ends up in a cave at Mount Horeb. Deuteronomy identifies it as the place where God gave Moses the Ten Commandments many centuries before. Nobody today knows where Mount Horeb was. Some think that Horeb and Sinai are just two names for a single place. (Exodus says that God gave Moses the commandments at Mount Sinai.) Interestingly, Horeb means glowing heat, perhaps a name for the sun. Sinai, on the other hand, is derived from the semitic word sin, which is a name given by some Mideastern peoples to a sun god. If Horeb and Sinai are the same place, as I suspect, God's gift of the commandments, with its implicit claim to being the one and only deity of the universe, is a gauntlet thrown down at the location of idol-worship.
(2) Elijah's decision (or God's decision for him) to go to Horeb is interesting. It was as if he was going back to the basics of God's covenant with His people.
(3) Caves are usually mentioned in just a few ways in the Bible: (a) As places to hide. David and his followers, for example, hid in the cave at Adullam when King Saul was trying to kill him and destroy his army. (b) As places of burial. Abraham and Sarah were buried in a cave. Jesus was also buried in a cave. This part of the world is filled with caves.
(4) One thing that really interests me is that, in the midst of his fear and, as we'll see, his certainty that he is "God's man"--and the only one to be in God's corner, at that, Elijah doesn't call out to God. God seeks out Elijah ("the word of the Lord came to him"). Sometimes, overwhelmed by the rush of events, we can forget to call out to God. At least, I know that I can.
10He answered, “I have been very zealous for the Lord, the God of hosts; for the Israelites have forsaken your covenant, thrown down your altars, and killed your prophets with the sword. I alone am left, and they are seeking my life, to take it away.”
(1) Legitimate though his fear is, Elijah couches them in self-righteousness. "I'm the only one," he says. Wah-wah!
11He said, “Go out and stand on the mountain before the Lord, for the Lord is about to pass by.” Now there was a great wind, so strong that it was splitting mountains and breaking rocks in pieces before the Lord, but the Lord was not in the wind; and after the wind an earthquake, but the Lord was not in the earthquake; 12and after the earthquake a fire, but the Lord was not in the fire; and after the fire a sound of sheer silence.
(1) Several commentators have pointed out that Elijah had been involved in several theophanies, displays of God's presence, that involved earthquakes, wind, and fire. Maybe Elijah expected God to do those sorts of things again. Instead, God meets him in the silence. In this, God was reminding Elijah of who really calls the tune. God will meet us, but we cannot set the terms. If faithful Elijah needed to know that, I need to know it even more!
13When Elijah heard it, he wrapped his face in his mantle and went out and stood at the entrance of the cave. Then there came a voice to him that said, “What are you doing here, Elijah?” 14He answered, “I have been very zealous for the Lord, the God of hosts; for the Israelites have forsaken your covenant, thrown down your altars, and killed your prophets with the sword. I alone am left, and they are seeking my life, to take it away.”
(1) Elijah, the prophet frustrated by a nation oblivious to God's message and will for them, is equally oblivious at this point. God has come to him in the silence to comfort him.
Elijah has traveled to this point, apparently thinking that God was going to give him special protection or some "success" as a prophet. But these aren't the reasons God has called Elijah to Horeb. Instead, God wants to prepare Elijah for what comes next. God does that by assuring Elijah of his presence and giving him his next assignment. Elijah wants to wallow a bit. God will have none of it!
(2) This reminds me of times in my own life when God has allowed me to be part of God's actions in the world--someone surrendering to Christ in my living room, seeing God help my former parish erect a church building when no one seemed to think it could be done, watching my own children evidence being people of faith in spite of my severe limitations as a father. When I see these kinds of things, for which I can take no credit, I want to sit back and gaze at my gold medals for awhile.
That's a spiritually dangerous impulse! Centuries before Elijah, King David was used by God to do wonderful things. But David wanted to look at his gold medals. One spring, instead of doing his duty by leading his soldiers in battle against those who wanted to destroy God's people, David stayed behind to enjoy himself. That's when he saw a beautiful woman and using his "influence" as king, invited her over to his place. One thing led to another and that beautiful woman, Bathsheba, the wife of one of David's valiant soldiers, became pregnant. David concocted a plot whereby Bathsheba's husband was killed in battle. All of this happened because, instead of appreciating God for past triumphs, or glorifying God, or taking God's next assignment, David decided to "take a little me time."
God wants us to rest and recharge. That's why God created the sabbath. But care must be taken that our resting and recharging doesn't turn into "me time" that makes us self-righteous or filled with a sense of entitlement.
15Then the Lord said to him, “Go, return on your way to the wilderness of Damascus; when you arrive, you shall anoint Hazael as king over Aram. 16Also you shall anoint Jehu son of Nimshi as king over Israel; and you shall anoint Elisha son of Shaphat of Abel-meholah as prophet in your place. 17Whoever escapes from the sword of Hazael, Jehu shall kill; and whoever escapes from the sword of Jehu, Elisha shall kill.
(1) God isn't interested in Elijah's pity party. God has allowed Elijah to vent. God has comforted Elijah. If Elijah won't accept God's comfort, it isn't God's fault. God simply gives Elijah his next assignment. God practices tough love and demonstrates that at times, the antidote to our worries is getting busy doing God's business. No believer in God has the luxury of the sort of self-inflicted depression of which Elijah is guilty.
(2) The two kings were known for their violence. Though tyrants whose reigns and methods certainly fall under the judgment of God, they also were instruments by which God called His people to repentance and renewal. The reign of God in history is a complicated thing.
Elisha also continued Elijah's prophetic ministry of calling Israel to worship God alone.
18Yet I will leave seven thousand in Israel, all the knees that have not bowed to Baal, and every mouth that has not kissed him.”
(1) God delivers a none-too-subtle rejoinder to Elijah's claim of being the only faithful one left around. There are, in fact, seven thousand people who remain faithful in worshiping and living for God alone in Israel. "So, knock off the pity party!" God seems to be saying.
(2) Several commentators have indicated that kissing statuary representations of the Baal gods seemed to be part of that worship.
This Week's Bible Lessons:
1 Kings 19:9-18
Psalm 85:8-13
Romans 10:5-15
Matthew 14:22-33
The Prayer of the Day:
O God our defender, storms rage around and within us and cause us to be afraid. Rescue your people from despair, deliver your sons and daughters from fear, and preserve us in the faith of your Son, Jesus Christ, our Savior and Lord. Amen
A Few Thoughts:
1. All of the lessons for this week talk about the importance of listening to God amid the din of competing voices. Those competitors may include an idol-worshiping and bloodthirsty queen, as in the text from 1 Kings; performance-based religiosity as discussed by Paul in the Romans text; or fears the laws of nature will trump God's power as in the lesson from Matthew. Listening to God brings life, peace, and hope. Failing to do so leads to death, chaos, and fear.
2. It's easy to identify with Elijah, whose story is told in the lesson from 1 Kings, and Peter, whose faltering faith is recounted in the Matthew lesson.
Each have legitimate reasons for their fear. Elijah has been threatened with death by Jezebel, the foreign wife of Israel's king, Ahab. She was a promoter of the false god, Baal, encouraging idol-worship and the adulteration of Israel's dependence on Yahweh, the only God of the universe. She wanted Elijah dead and had sent messengers to him to say so.
When Peter sees Jesus walking on the stormy Sea of Galilee, he asks Jesus to help him do the same. Jesus calls him to climb out of the boat; Peter does so. He begins to walk on the water toward Jesus. But then it dawns on Peter: He can't walk on water.
Facts, as John Adams once said, are stubborn things. Both Elijah and Peter are confronting stubborn facts: a murderous royal and the basics of physics. The challenge for both of them is to trust a deeper truth: The sovereignty of God and God's willingness to help believers to do what they cannot do. (Of course, Peter walking on the water could be dismissed as a mere parlor trick if it weren't for the fact that Jesus' dominion over a chaotic sea, evocative of Genesis 1, points to the fact that He is the same God as the One Who first created the universe.)
Elijah's and Peter's fears may be as understandable as the fears with which you and I wrestle. But I anyway, can identify with them at another level. It's this: Their fears prove to be as ill-founded as all the things that make me afraid.
We tend to laugh at both of these guys for their frequent flights of sanctimony interspersed with turn-tail-and-run fearfulness. We wonder why, given their experiences with God, they find it so hard to trust.
But I have every reason to ask the same thing about myself. Given all that God has done and is doing for me, why do I worry about what's going to happen tomorrow? Why do I concern myself with what others may say about or do to me?
Given all the forgiveness with which God has covered my sins, why do I sometimes worry that God will throw me away?
The answer, of course, is that I allow the din of my sin and the danger and fiat lurking in a world held captive by sin to drown out "the sheer silence" of God. The words of the psalmist were written for all the Elijahs and Peters of the world, including me: "Be still, and know that I am God."
Verse-by-Verse Comments: 1 Kings 19:9-18:
I'm fairly certain that I'll be preaching on the Old Testament lesson this week. Before giving verse-by-verse comments, a little background.
1. 1 and 2 Kings: These two books of the Old Testament tell the story of what happened over a 400-plus year period when ancient Israel and its divided successor nations, Judah (or Judea), with its religious and civil life centered in Jerusalem, and Israel, centered in Samaria, had their own kings.
The story of Israel's kings begins in the book of 1 Samuel in which God reluctantly agrees to allow Israel to have their own kings, like the other nations of the world. Up to that point, the life of Israel was under the direct dominion of God. Occasionally, God would send judges, who would adjudicate disputes and lead the nation in battle.
But, wanting to be more like the nations that surrounded them, Israel insisted that God give them a king. The first king, anointed by Samuel, was Saul. Saul started out well, but his reign ended disastrously, destroyed by Saul's hubris and his forgetfulness of God. Saul also anointed David. David was Israel's greatest king and "a man after God's heart." But he was also a murderer and adulterer, who's God-given success led first to complacency and then to sin. Two other kings stand out in this whole five-century story. As Eugene Peterson notes, "Human beings, no matter how well intentioned or gifted, don't seem to be able to represent God's rule anywhere close to satisfactory."
Most of the kings described in 1 and 2 Kings are, after a few descriptive paragraphs, dismissed as people who walked away from God. One theme to be derived from the two books is unless God rules over our lives, they cannot be all they're intended to be, even if the world considers us successful.
2. Elijah: Elijah is considered Israel's greatest prophet. He raised the dead, among other things. He lived in the 9th-century BC and was active during the reign of Ahab in Israel, the Northern Kingdom.
Ahab married Jezebel of Tyre, in a marriage probably motivated by the desire to forge an alliance and secure wealth. Ahab's reign was marked by material prosperity and power akin to Solomon's from a century before.
It may be because things were "going good" that Israel not only countenanced, but went along with, Jezebel's importation of Baal-worship. This represented a perversion of Israel's covenant with Yahweh, who centuries before had revealed Himself to not only be Israel's God, but the God of all creation.
Some in his country engaged in "syncretism," the synthesizing of religious practices surrounding Yahweh and of those surrounding Baal.
This is exactly the kind of thing to which people enjoying material well-being are tempted. When things are "going good," it's easy to delude oneself with the notion that one's spiritual life is akin to material aspects of one's life. "If I can choose between Coke and Pepsi, paper and plastic, I can choose God or Baal. I can even mix them up in way that makes sense to me." By thinking in this way, Israel was ignoring God's covenant with them and His first commandment:
2
I am the Lord3 your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery; you shall have no other gods before me. (Exodus 20:1-3)Elijah railed against Jezebel and her sponsorship of the prophets of Baal as well as the construction of altars, and even a temple, devoted to Baal-worship. He also condemns Ahab for going along with it all. Israel seemed oblivious to the message from God that Elijah was delivering.
Finally, Elijah challenged the prophets of Baal to a contest on Mount Carmel. Actually, it was a contest between Yahweh and Baal. You can read about it in 1 Kings 18:17-46.
It was a triumph for Yahweh and for the faith of Elijah. But Jezebel was displeased. 1 Kings 19:2 says:
Jezebel sent a messenger to Elijah, saying, "So may the gods do to me, and more also, if I do not make your life like the life of one of them by this time tomorrow."(Jezebel's use of the term "gods" underscores a characteristic of Baal worship. It was syncretistic by nature. It revolved pick-and-choose, any-rabbit's-foot-will-do religiosity.) In spite of having seen God do amazing things, Elijah is terrified. He undergoes a crisis of faith. He wonders where God is and whether God cares about him.
Under God's direction, Elijah gets something to eat and travels for forty days. This is where our lesson begins.
9At that place he came to a cave, and spent the night there. Then the word of the Lord came to him, saying, “What are you doing here, Elijah?”
(1) Elijah ends up in a cave at Mount Horeb. Deuteronomy identifies it as the place where God gave Moses the Ten Commandments many centuries before. Nobody today knows where Mount Horeb was. Some think that Horeb and Sinai are just two names for a single place. (Exodus says that God gave Moses the commandments at Mount Sinai.) Interestingly, Horeb means glowing heat, perhaps a name for the sun. Sinai, on the other hand, is derived from the semitic word sin, which is a name given by some Mideastern peoples to a sun god. If Horeb and Sinai are the same place, as I suspect, God's gift of the commandments, with its implicit claim to being the one and only deity of the universe, is a gauntlet thrown down at the location of idol-worship.
(2) Elijah's decision (or God's decision for him) to go to Horeb is interesting. It was as if he was going back to the basics of God's covenant with His people.
(3) Caves are usually mentioned in just a few ways in the Bible: (a) As places to hide. David and his followers, for example, hid in the cave at Adullam when King Saul was trying to kill him and destroy his army. (b) As places of burial. Abraham and Sarah were buried in a cave. Jesus was also buried in a cave. This part of the world is filled with caves.
(4) One thing that really interests me is that, in the midst of his fear and, as we'll see, his certainty that he is "God's man"--and the only one to be in God's corner, at that, Elijah doesn't call out to God. God seeks out Elijah ("the word of the Lord came to him"). Sometimes, overwhelmed by the rush of events, we can forget to call out to God. At least, I know that I can.
10He answered, “I have been very zealous for the Lord, the God of hosts; for the Israelites have forsaken your covenant, thrown down your altars, and killed your prophets with the sword. I alone am left, and they are seeking my life, to take it away.”
(1) Legitimate though his fear is, Elijah couches them in self-righteousness. "I'm the only one," he says. Wah-wah!
11He said, “Go out and stand on the mountain before the Lord, for the Lord is about to pass by.” Now there was a great wind, so strong that it was splitting mountains and breaking rocks in pieces before the Lord, but the Lord was not in the wind; and after the wind an earthquake, but the Lord was not in the earthquake; 12and after the earthquake a fire, but the Lord was not in the fire; and after the fire a sound of sheer silence.
(1) Several commentators have pointed out that Elijah had been involved in several theophanies, displays of God's presence, that involved earthquakes, wind, and fire. Maybe Elijah expected God to do those sorts of things again. Instead, God meets him in the silence. In this, God was reminding Elijah of who really calls the tune. God will meet us, but we cannot set the terms. If faithful Elijah needed to know that, I need to know it even more!
13When Elijah heard it, he wrapped his face in his mantle and went out and stood at the entrance of the cave. Then there came a voice to him that said, “What are you doing here, Elijah?” 14He answered, “I have been very zealous for the Lord, the God of hosts; for the Israelites have forsaken your covenant, thrown down your altars, and killed your prophets with the sword. I alone am left, and they are seeking my life, to take it away.”
(1) Elijah, the prophet frustrated by a nation oblivious to God's message and will for them, is equally oblivious at this point. God has come to him in the silence to comfort him.
Elijah has traveled to this point, apparently thinking that God was going to give him special protection or some "success" as a prophet. But these aren't the reasons God has called Elijah to Horeb. Instead, God wants to prepare Elijah for what comes next. God does that by assuring Elijah of his presence and giving him his next assignment. Elijah wants to wallow a bit. God will have none of it!
(2) This reminds me of times in my own life when God has allowed me to be part of God's actions in the world--someone surrendering to Christ in my living room, seeing God help my former parish erect a church building when no one seemed to think it could be done, watching my own children evidence being people of faith in spite of my severe limitations as a father. When I see these kinds of things, for which I can take no credit, I want to sit back and gaze at my gold medals for awhile.
That's a spiritually dangerous impulse! Centuries before Elijah, King David was used by God to do wonderful things. But David wanted to look at his gold medals. One spring, instead of doing his duty by leading his soldiers in battle against those who wanted to destroy God's people, David stayed behind to enjoy himself. That's when he saw a beautiful woman and using his "influence" as king, invited her over to his place. One thing led to another and that beautiful woman, Bathsheba, the wife of one of David's valiant soldiers, became pregnant. David concocted a plot whereby Bathsheba's husband was killed in battle. All of this happened because, instead of appreciating God for past triumphs, or glorifying God, or taking God's next assignment, David decided to "take a little me time."
God wants us to rest and recharge. That's why God created the sabbath. But care must be taken that our resting and recharging doesn't turn into "me time" that makes us self-righteous or filled with a sense of entitlement.
15Then the Lord said to him, “Go, return on your way to the wilderness of Damascus; when you arrive, you shall anoint Hazael as king over Aram. 16Also you shall anoint Jehu son of Nimshi as king over Israel; and you shall anoint Elisha son of Shaphat of Abel-meholah as prophet in your place. 17Whoever escapes from the sword of Hazael, Jehu shall kill; and whoever escapes from the sword of Jehu, Elisha shall kill.
(1) God isn't interested in Elijah's pity party. God has allowed Elijah to vent. God has comforted Elijah. If Elijah won't accept God's comfort, it isn't God's fault. God simply gives Elijah his next assignment. God practices tough love and demonstrates that at times, the antidote to our worries is getting busy doing God's business. No believer in God has the luxury of the sort of self-inflicted depression of which Elijah is guilty.
(2) The two kings were known for their violence. Though tyrants whose reigns and methods certainly fall under the judgment of God, they also were instruments by which God called His people to repentance and renewal. The reign of God in history is a complicated thing.
Elisha also continued Elijah's prophetic ministry of calling Israel to worship God alone.
18Yet I will leave seven thousand in Israel, all the knees that have not bowed to Baal, and every mouth that has not kissed him.”
(1) God delivers a none-too-subtle rejoinder to Elijah's claim of being the only faithful one left around. There are, in fact, seven thousand people who remain faithful in worshiping and living for God alone in Israel. "So, knock off the pity party!" God seems to be saying.
(2) Several commentators have indicated that kissing statuary representations of the Baal gods seemed to be part of that worship.
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